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However, we feel these ratings are useful to help a novice researcher gage the effort involved with each practice. To be clear, the difficult ratings are subjective, based on our own experiences, and some scholars may disagree.

#MATLAB FORMAT NOT SCIENTIFIC HOW TO#

To address concerns about not knowing how to engage in open science practices, we provide a difficulty rating of each behavior (easy, medium, difficult) and present them in order of suggested adoption. In this tutorial we suggest eight open science practices that novice graduate students can begin adopting today.

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The practices are generalizable to different fields to different extents, so readers should not be put off if not all of them apply to your field feel free to dip in and out. It is important to note that all authors of this article are psychologists, but the practices discussed are by no means all specific to psychology. We hope that this tutorial can be the gateway for graduate students to easily begin using open scientific practices. Additionally, there are other resources targeted towards more senior researchers (Kowalczyk et al., 2020). Of course, the relevance of our recommendations is not limited to graduate students-anyone who is new to open science should find them useful-but we prioritized the graduate student perspective, both in terms of how graduate students can engage with open science and how advisors can better support their students' engagement with open science. Whereas there are other excellent articles on how to get started with open science (e.g., Crüwell et al., 2018 Lewis, 2019 Nuijten, 2019), including Allen and Mehler’s (2019) article on benefits to early career researchers, we see a great need for a guide that is student-focused and offers concrete suggestions. We reject this “all or nothing” view and join with others who advocate for a selective approach to open science, with the accumulation of practices over time (Bergmann, 2018 Corker, 2018 Nuijten, 2019 Syed, 2019). Moreover, some may feel like they need to immediately adopt all open science practices in order to “truly do open science.” Additionally, some researchers may not see certain open science practices (e.g., preregistration) as relevant to their research practice, and therefore conclude that open science is not something they should be concerned with. A sense of paralysis associated with not knowing where to begin with open science is a commonly expressed sentiment. The purpose of this guide is to provide a roadmap for how graduate students, their advisors, and those new to open science can wade through this confusion and begin to engage with open science practices. We emphasize that engaging in open science behaviors need not be an all or nothing approach, but rather graduate students can engage with any number of the behaviors outlined. We give graduate students ideas on how to approach conversations with their advisors/collaborators, ideas on how to integrate open science practices within the graduate school framework, and specific resources on how to engage with each behavior. To address concerns about not knowing how to engage in open science practices, we provide a difficulty rating of each behavior (easy, medium, difficult), present them in order of suggested adoption, and follow the format of what, why, how, and worries. The topics we cover include journal clubs, project workflow, preprints, reproducible code, data sharing, transparent writing, preregistration, and registered reports.

We suggest eight open science practices that novice graduate students could begin adopting today.

This article provides a roadmap to assist graduate students and their advisors to engage in open science practices.

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